Winter-hardy variety for Central Russia - pear "Space"

Pear is one of the most popular fruit crops in the temperate climate zone of Russia.

Gardeners willingly take up the cultivation of this tree, appreciating the excellent taste and delicate pear flavor and considering it almost the best crop cultivated in the middle lane with its difficult weather factors.

One of the common variety of pears "Cosmic" - A description of the variety and photo of the fruit later in the article. Currently, it is grown in suburban areas, large farms and small gardens.

What kind of pears refers?

By the time of ripening, all pears are divided into three categories - winter, autumn and summer. The considered grade belongs to summer pears. The fruits of the trees of this category fully ripen by mid-August or early September. Thus, ripening occurs before the harvest of autumn varieties.

Affiliation for summer varieties indicates that the fruits of "Cosmic" with their excellent taste can not "boast" the ability to long-term storage.

Summer varieties also include: for children, Carmen, Limonka, Orlovskaya Belorita and Chizhovskaya.

It is believed that summer varieties can not be stored after harvest for more than two weeks.

Many gardeners, who are practically engaged in the “Cosmic” pear, argue that this fruit can be stored even less without sacrificing quality. only 10 days.

Yes and collect the ripe fruits of this variety is better for 4-6 daysotherwise the tender pears will re-sing, bend and crumble.

As for the distribution of pears according to their use, the "Space" takes quite a worthy place in the vast niche of table species. Due to its visual appeal and good taste properties, these juicy fruits are especially good for fresh consumption.

But this does not mean that they are not used for the preparation of various derivative products and culinary dishes.

Breeding history and breeding region

The specified pear variety was bred by breeders All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture and Nursery. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, Tambov region). Its authors are G. A. Lobanov and Z. I. Ivanova.

To obtain a new hybrid, experts have crossed two types of pears. Parent couple made up "Russian Malgorzatka"and"Daughter Blancova".

The variety was developed with a view to zoning and wide distribution in horticultural farms in Russia, primarily in Non-chernozem and Central Chernozem zones.

In these regions, such varieties as Gera, Lada, Favorite Yakovleva, Rossoshanskaya Dessert, Lyra are well grown.

In order for the pear to be grown normally in the conditions of the harsh Russian climate, the emphasis during breeding was placed on increasing frost resistance at high yields.

According to the observations of many experts, the grade turned out quite successful. His properties are interested in a number of breeders who developed new hybrid varieties.

In particular, the "Space" used in the work on the creation of varieties such as "Golden summer"and"Permyachka", an outstanding Russian breeder of pear and apple crops, professor Leonid Kotov.

Pear "Cosmic": description of the variety and photos

This plant has the following visual and structural-specific features:

• Tree. To high growth. It can reach 5-6 m and more. To control the yield required pruning.
• Krone, branches. Spreading dense crown of a tree is most often rounded. Another form option is a wide pyramid. Skeletal branches almost at a right angle away from the trunk.
• Shoots. Mostly straight. The predominant thickness of the shoots is medium, the color is brown. There are rare small lentils on the shoots. Fruitful, as a rule, are perennial fruit shoots.
• Leaves. Have a green color. Usually medium sized. By its silhouette, the leaf of the "Cosmic" pear resembles an egg. Usually its edges (sometimes the tips) are somewhat raised. Glossy sheet plate to the touch smooth.
• Fruit. They are generally small or medium in size. The mass of one average fetus ranges from 80 to 110 g.

  Kept on the tree by means of an elongated and rather thick stalk. Dense skin of a greenish-yellow hue, with dark green subcutaneous specks (on the side of the fruit facing the sun, the appearance of a characteristic matte blush is possible) covers the juicy white flesh, characterized by a pronounced fine grain and a pleasant taste.

  Inside the flesh is of medium size, dark brown dense seeds oblong, with pointed ends, form. Seed chamber - closed.

For more information about the pear variety "Cosmic" can be in the photo below:

Specifications

The tree of the specified grade begins to fully bear fruit after 5-6 years after his seedling was planted in the garden.

When planning to grow this type of pear and thinking about future crops, it is necessary to bear in mind that this plant normally bears fruit every year only at a young age. In older age, there is a periodic (with interruptions) fruiting.

Since the variety was bred with the expectation of its wide distribution in the gardens Central Russiawhere there are long and very harsh winters and rather cool spring and autumn off-season, the "Cosmic" manifests itself as a culture high degree of frost resistance.

Good frost resistance are different grades: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Svetlyanka, Samara Beauty and Fairy Tale.

In particular, according to observations made in a very cold winter of 1978/1979 in the vicinity of the city of Oryol, wood and bark on the trunk of this pear were frozen to no more than 2.5 points.

At the same time, despite the difficult climatic conditions in which this variety has to exist, It gives high enough yields of high-quality fruits.

According to statistics, proper care of the plant allows you to achieve yields of 150 kg or more from a single tree.

At the same time, in horticultural practice, there are certain cases where, due to a decrease in the load on the tree, it was possible to significantly increase (while maintaining taste standards) fruit weight up to 300-350 grams.

This weight allowed gardeners to harvest from one tree up to 190 kg of pears, and about 440 centners of fruit production per hectare.

As for the share ratio of chemicals contained in the pear "Cosmic", it looks like this:

Ripe pear "Cosmic" is delicious sweet fruit dessert destination. He possesses good transportability and high marketability. Consume it both fresh and in the form of processed foods: dried fruits, compotes, marmalade, preserves, etc.

Cosmic pear is valuable for consumers not only for its exquisite taste, but also for its mass of beneficial dietary qualities that help a person cope with kidney diseases.

It also has anti-inflammatory and protivoskleroznymi properties, promotes the excretion of excess salts and moisture.

High yields are demonstrated by such pear varieties: In memory of Zhegalov, Moskvichka, Otradnenskaya, Elegant Efimova and Marble.

Planting and care

Saplings of a grade "Space" land, as a rule, in the spring. You can plant a pear and in the autumn, but this should happen at least a month before the onset of frost.

The tree should be located in the most lighted and dry place. Since this culture is very sensitive to transplants, it is necessary to prepare for the fact that this place for the tree will be permanent. Therefore, its quality should be taken very responsibly.

It is not recommended to plant seedlings in low-lying areas where usually groundwater comes close enough to the ground. If you do not take into account this circumstance, the tree in winter can be very cold and die.

In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the chemical composition of the soil at the planting site. "Space", like any other pear, is well received and subsequently gives a good harvest on loamy soils.

If for some reason you have to plant a tree on clay soil, it is recommended to add compost, peat and large river sand.

Respectively, on sandy soils will need to be added humus, peat and compost.
For planting the seedling is dug pit 100-120 cm deep and 70-80 cm in diameter It is recommended to let the pit stand for several days before planting, Bay in it 2 buckets of water.

During this time it will be useful to dig in the drainage grooves, especially in those cases if there is a suspicion that the groundwater is close to it.

In general, to guarantee yourself from all sorts of "water" surprises, it is better to plant seedlings on small elevations.

Before planting, the soil dug out of the pit, mixed with a couple of buckets of sand, with manure (humus) (about 2-3 buckets), add to it a glass of superphosphate, 2-3 tablespoons of potassium sulfate.

A seedling is put in a hole, its roots are filled up with a prepared soil mixture and, having carefully tamped up the soil with their feet, they are poured with water. To prevent moisture from evaporating, the landing site is mulched with a non-thick layer of dried humus.

Between the rows of pears, you can plant vegetables with a small root system (radishes, cabbage, beans, peas, etc.).

It is categorically impossible to plant near a pear a plant with a high stem (for example, sunflower or corn), which will actively take nutrients from inferior seedlings.

On the other hand, it is desirable that the variety "Cosmic" for efficient pollination side by side with trees of other pear varieties.

Standard pear care includes regular watering, feeding and processing of the plant against pests. In March, pruning removes old branches and branches with old buds, and the rest is shortened.

In April it is recommended to spray the tree twice from pests. - first, during the period when buds bloom, second time when flower buds appear. May - feeding time, preferably in the form of urea.

Dry summer is necessary regularly water the tree. In the fall, preparing for winter, you should take care of soil fertilization (compost, superphosphate, ash, potassium, and others).

Diseases and pests

In general, the Cosmic variety is very resistant to //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html and other diseases, such as a bacterial burn or rust.

At the same time, this pear may suffer from various insect pests. In these cases, appropriate processing branches and crown chemicals.

Fresh, tasty and healthy pear of this variety will be a true decoration of the generous table. But for this gardener will have to be patient and make a lot of effort.

Watch the video: How to Grow Mulberries (December 2024).