Every year, thanks to the efforts of breeders, more and more grape varieties appear.
This is certainly good, since modern scientists are constantly trying to improve the resistance of this plant, creating a "super-variety."
Unfortunately, but in the race for sustainability, the quality of the grapes, especially the appearance of the bunch, is often released from attention.
Also, very nice old varieties are forgotten, which in fact, in spite of some of their shortcomings, have much more advantages in terms of the taste of fruits.
It is about such a little forgotten grape, which has the name "Rizamat", and tell you in this article.
"Yesterday's viticulture" - is the variety called Rizamat so deserved?
There are indeed many similar reviews about this glorious variety, which in fact have no full rights. The only reason why some winegrowers allow themselves such an expression is in their laziness and their desire to plant a vine and forget about it before harvesting.
Because in truth, grapes "Rizamat" requires a lot of attention, careful care and supervision throughout the year. However, for such efforts the bush is ready to pay back generously with unreal abundant crops from beautiful grapes and especially delicious berries.
This variety is considered table-raisin: great for fresh consumption and for the production of raisins. It was created by a quite famous winegrower from Uzbekistan named Rizamat Musamuhamedov. It is easy to guess what the new grape variety was named after him. To obtain it, used two other grape varieties, which have the name "Katta-Kurgan" and "Parkent". However, Rizamat significantly exceeded its parental forms in the quality and taste of the fruits.
What do the Rizamat grapes look like and what features do they have?
The real pride of this grape variety is its clusters. They have a very large size and conical shape. At the same time, the clusters are branched, with a large abundance of berries, which are placed on the bunch is not very tight. Rizamat grapes are cylindrical in shape. The size of the berries make them very weighty - about 15 grams. A distinctive feature of the variety is the color of the berries: the color of their skin is pink, but one side of the berry usually has an intense color, which is caused by exposure to the sun.
It is also worth noting that the thickness of the skin is not high, it is covered with a thin waxy coating on top. However, when eating, it is not felt absolutely, just like the bones, of which there are no more than 4 in the berry.
The taste of the berries "Rizamat" just excellent. The flesh has a high density and when you eat it crunches. Also, the flesh is very sweet: with an acid level of only 5 g / l, which is reached by fruits during the period of maturity, the level of sugar content of fruits reaches 23-25%, which is a very high indicator for grapes.
How long does the Rizamat grape ripen and what is the yield level of this variety?
Grapes "Rizamat" refers to the early grape varieties. The full maturity of its fruits comes around the end of August or the beginning of September. On average, under normal conditions, the growing season of the grape bush of this variety comes in 150 days.
It is very important that during their ripening soil moisture was stable, otherwise the berries can crack very strongly.
In addition, it is imperative to remove the clusters from the bush immediately upon the onset of their maturity, since they cannot be stored in such a variety.
Fruiting grade is very abundant. This greatly contributes to the good maturity of his shoots. Average, productivity of grape plantings of "Rizamata" with an area of one hectare is capable of reaching 200-250 centners. At the same time, if you comply with all agrotechnical requirements for growing this grape variety, the harvest will be of very high quality both in appearance and in its taste.
What other characteristics of Rizamat grapes can be attributed to its merits?
Unfortunately, but in fact the only and main advantage of the grapes of this variety are the taste and volume of the crop, which the bush is able to give in response to good and careful care. Among the positive qualities of the variety should also be noted:
• High quality fruits and their excellent presentation.
• High yield and the presence on the bush bisexual flower, which contributes not only good, but also a stable harvest.
• A short period of ripening of the crop, which allows you to grow a variety not only in Central Asia, but also on the Black Sea coast and more northern regions.
• Good quality raisins produced from Rizamat grapes.
Disadvantages variety "Rizamat": what should be prepared when it is grown?
The stability of the grape bush and the Rizamat variety, to put it mildly, is not very. As we mentioned, grapes can crack when the moisture content of the soil. but besides that, they are very much affected by oidium and powdery mildew. Also, the resistance to low temperatures of the variety is minimal - it cannot transfer the winter without sheltering.
Thus, the cultivation of this variety requires a lot of care for the vine: regular spraying of diseases and hiding for the winter, monitoring the condition of the vine.
However, in addition to spraying against fungal diseases, additional measures are often taken against crop damage by wasps. They are especially hard on the shrub when cracked berries appear on it or are affected by oidium. Therefore, for wasps it is necessary to set up special traps with a very sweet syrup and poison.
In addition, the disadvantages of grapes "Rizamat" should also include that it is practically impossible to propagate it by vaccination. Rather, it is quite possible to do this, but it is not recommended because of poor compatibility with other grape varieties.
The presence of stepsons can greatly affect the quality and quantity of the crop. If another crop is formed on them, it will weaken the strength of the main one, making the main clusters and berries on them smaller. For this reason, the stepchildren on a grape bush must be removed.
What to do if there is no time to take care of a grape bush, but you want to grow this particular variety?
Not everyone knows about the existence of a grape variety very similar to "Rizamat", which has almost a similar name to it - "Rizamat Stable". It is not worth very much to be kept on the name itself, since the differences between these two varieties are sufficient, although there are some common features. First of all, “Rizamat Stable” is less often affected by oidium and mildew, it tolerates frosts and changes in temperature humidity better.
It also ripens much faster than a simple Rizamat - all 130-135 days since entering the growing season. In addition, the berries he has more than its predecessor: about 18 grams (although the clusters of the good old Rizamata are much larger and more magnificent). Also, different color berries, which have improved varieties of greenish-pink.
But still, no matter how refined "Rizamata Sustainable" was, he did not succeed in achieving the quality and taste that the fruits of simple Rizamata have. The sugar content of berries of the first grade is only 17%, against 23% of the second. In addition, a more stable grape has only female flowers, therefore it requires planting a pollinator variety that blooms at the same time as it.
We plant Rizamat grapes: what are the features and rules of planting this variety?
In general terms, the planting of this grape variety is no different from all the basic rules of planting grapes. but still, there are certain nuances. In particular, these are:
• Rizamat grapes are best propagated by planting seedlings, since grafting it on a different stock does not give good results and reduces survival.
• The bush of this variety is strong-grown, able to occupy a very large space. This should be considered when choosing a landing site. In no case should the bush be very thickened, as this can lead to fungal diseases.
• A single planting is best suited to this variety, since it is highly undesirable to allow its interlacing with other varieties. If you decide to plant "Rizamat" near other varieties, it is best to make it extreme in a row, while departing from other bushes for at least six meters.
It is also interesting to read about the grape varieties of EG Pavlovsky
What other grape requirements for the seat need to be considered?
Drafts and stagnation of cold air are very harmful to any grape. Therefore, it is better to plant this crop where the air is well ventilated, but the vine will be protected from the direct north wind. Thus, the southern or southwestern side of the house, or another backyard structure, is best suited. You can plant "Rizamat" near the arbors, however, you still have to build additional supports for the bush. From the foundation of the building when planting a bush you need to retreat at least one meter.
Also, a very important role in the growth of grapes is the soil in which it is planted. It should be light and fertile to ensure the smooth growth of the root system and to nourish the bush with the substances it needs.
Which season is more favorable for planting Rizamat grapes?
Terms of planting grapes can be very different, because planting this crop can be both in spring and autumn. At the same time, in any case, there are both pluses and minuses.
Spring planting of grape seedlings is carried out from the end of March until the beginning of the first summer month. everything will depend on what kind of sapling you purchased: grown in summer and specially stored all winter until spring, or grown directly in winter from grape grape seed planted in the soil. In the first case, the grapes should be planted as early as possible, but after the onset of the first heat.
In the second - only by the end of May, since the green shoots of the seedling can be damaged by frost. In any case, after planting the grapes will require a lot of moisture and protection, until it adapts and starts to take root in a new place. A grape bush planted in spring during the first growing season will be able to grow well and slightly develop its root system, which will make it more resistant to winter frosts (although it is not worth refusing to hide the Rizamat grape in any way).
However, there are some nuances that make planting grapes in the fall more acceptable. In particular, this is the presence in the nurseries of a huge selection of varieties of seedlings, which increases your chance to find the desired grapes. Also, the soil is more hydrated in autumn, does not require such an abundance of irrigation as in spring. Besides, Autumn planting is, in fact, a way of preserving the grape seedling until spring, since it does not grow in the winter.
With a good shelter, the sapling is not damaged and the spring grows beautifully. In the autumn, it is best to plant the grapes in mid-October, when the seedling has already passed into the dormant period, but there are still no frost and cold.
Proper planting of grapes "Rizamat": what are the secrets behind it?
The secret of the correct planting of Rizamat grapes lies in the preliminary preparation of the pit for the future bush. After all, for a good growth of the bush, it requires a large amount of fertilizers, which are applied to the bottom of the pit during its preparation. In particular, the following actions should be done:
• At least 2 weeks (if you plan to plant in the spring, then in the fall) you need to dig a hole about 80 centimeters deep and with the same width.
• A 5 cm layer of crushed stone is laid on its bottom.
• After rubble, there is 10 centimeters of fertile soil, 2-3 buckets of humus, and again 10 centimeters of soil.
• All this “cake” is thoroughly mixed (only rubble is not touched).
• The resulting layer of fertilizer is covered with another layer of soil so that the roots of the seedling are not burned with fertilizer.
• The pit is left before planting, so that the fertilizer in it is well subsided.
In the interval, while the soil in the pit sags, you need to look for the desired seedling. When choosing it, you need to be very attentive to the roots: they must be white and not damaged. In a healthy seedling, the cut is green.
Before planting, a grape seedling must be held for several days in the water, which will positively affect the formation of roots.
The direct planting of grapes lies in the fact that the seedling placed in the pit to the level of its root collar is gradually covered with soil until the pit is completely covered. Thereafter, a support is driven in near the grapes, it is watered very abundantly, and the soil around it is covered with plenty of mulch. In winter, the bush is covered with sand, and in spring it is covered with a cardboard box with a slot for the top of the seedling.
Grape care - a description of the necessary procedures that will help increase the harvest
It is very important to water the grapes, because the soil under it should not feel the change of humidity. It is especially important to do this before the flowering of the bush and during the formation of grapes on the clusters. Pouring water directly under the bush of this variety is not worth it. It is necessary either to dig out special irrigation pits, or to make indentations in the soil, which are buried and mulched after watering. As mulch is better to use moss or darkened sawdust. The optimal layer of mulch is 3 centimeters.
Top-dressing of grapes is the basis for raising the vitality of the bush, so to speak of the plant. Grapes are particularly in need of potassium-phosphate fertilizers and organic matter. You need to make them or when digging, or when watering a bush.
It is very important grape bush varieties "Rizamat" regularly pruned and removed stepchildren. Due to this, the bush will be thinned out and better ventilated, which is the basis for the prevention of fungal diseases of the vineyard. Also, This variety is recommended chasing shoots and cutting off leaves in places of their strong accumulation. Pruning vigorous shrub should be carried out without pity for the shrub: each shoot is cut at least 6 buds kk.
In order to protect the bush from being affected by mildew and oidium, the bush is prophylactically treated with chemical preparations 3 times per season. It is necessary to carry out such a procedure 2 times before flowering of the bush and during the formation of peas on the inflorescences. The best drugs are Bordeaux mixture, Kuproskat and Strobe preparations.
