European euonymus is popular among amateur gardeners.
The plant has other names - spindle tree, episcopal hat.
Information about the ornamental leaf plant will help to understand the rules of planting, care and reproduction of European Euonymus.
Surely you will find interesting facts.
General description of the plant
Euonymus European - bush or deciduous tree up to 3 m, sometimes up to 5-8 m. Branches are tetrahedral, warts, like in some species, are absent.
Places of growth
- Caucasus.
- Crimea.
- European part of Russia.
Note! Individual specimens reach the age of 50 years or more. In the biosphere reserve Askania-Nova (Ukraine), an euonymus grows with a crown diameter of 6 m, a height of 4 m, and the age of the record holder is 62 years old.
Flowering period - April - June. Small greenish-white flowers reach 10-12 mm.
The fruit is a four-lined box of rich purple hue. After the fruit ripens, small seeds remain on thin threads.
High decorative leaves and bright fruits in the autumn period explains the popularity of shrubs (trees) in landscape design. This species of euonymus often located along fences, fences.
Kinds
Euonymus has several varieties:
- unique winged;
- dwarf - perfect for growing at home;
- unpretentious warty;
- Japanese.
A photo
In the photo below you can appreciate the appearance of the European Euonymus:
Planting and care at home
European Euonymus is well established in gardens and parks. City conditions with increased gas pollution to the plant are not terrible.
Gardeners know that under the conditions of Euonymus blooms profuselyIn the fall, happy bright leaves. The beautiful openwork crown with or without numerous floral tassels has a high decorative effect.
Important! The only caveat - for increased decoration requires a sufficient area of open space.
Care after purchase
Bring seedlings home, place in a cool place: Let the roots rest a little. Be sure to save some native soil, which previously grew a young bush. Keep the ground wet.
Pruning
Formation of the crown is made in early spring or at the end of fruiting. The euonymus responds to a haircut with the rapid growth of young shoots.
The main form of the crown is elliptical or conical.
Gardeners often form a standard tree.
Important! Partial sanitary pruning is permissible during the growing season only with serious indications.
Spend cautious pinching tops, remove weak shoots.
Watering
Euonymus prefers moderate soil moisture. With abundant watering marked root rot, poor growth. Plant not bad suffers dry periods.
Landing
Plant planted in the ground in springrarely practiced autumn planting. Choose a sunny place: in the shade of the buds it feels worse, the leaves lose their decorative properties.
How to act:
- dig a hole with the expectation that the root neck is at ground level;
- the size of the recess in the ground is one and a half times larger than the root system of the seedling;
- put 10 cm of sand on the bottom;
- add a mixture of peat, sand, sod land (2: 1: 1);
- the next layer - mineral fertilizers - 100 g plus slaked lime - 200 g. The optimum pH level is not more than 7.5;
- powder roots, slightly tamp, moderately pour.
Many gardeners plant a spindled tree near fruit plants: pests move to an ornamental leaf plant, forgetting about apple trees. Keep your distance, sufficient for the free formation of the crown of neighboring trees or shrubs.
Transfer
It is time to transplant the young young seedlings into the open ground.
On a permanent place Euonymus transplanted for 3 year.
Choose a windless spring day when the soil is warm enough.
Planting rules are the same as for adult plants.
Growing up
Euonymus requires enough light, soil with a neutral or slightly alkaline environment, regular aeration. Clay soil, except for mineral and organic fertilizers, requires regular sanding.
Immediately after watering, sprinkle peat mulch near the stem. Autumn and spring spend one time fertilizing with mineral fertilizers.
Important! Spindle tree does not tolerate salinization. Watch the acidity of the soil, maintain the pH level from 6.6 to 7.5.
Breeding
The main view is vegetative form:
- root scions;
- bush division;
- green cuttings.
Seed propagation requires more attention and patience. Under natural conditions, most of the seeds germinate only in the second spring. Gardeners stratify seeds to accelerate the germination process.
Stratification duration:
- the first stage is 3-4 months at a temperature of from +10 to +12 С;
- the second stage is 4-5 months, the temperature drops to 0 ... + 3C.
Note! Seeds are sown in a specially designated place. The ideal soil composition is turf, sand, humus, and leaf soil (1: 1: 2: 4).
In cool weather (autumn and spring) a layer of peat crumb mulch is required. In winter, be sure to cover the young shoots spruce branches.
Temperature
Decorative leaf plant loves warmth, but not bad endure the winter cold.
Resistance to weather allowed to plant cowberries in different regions of the European part of Russia.
Lighting
In the shadow decorative leaves are reduced, growth worsens carrots
Ideal location - open areas with sufficient access to sunlight.
Benefit and harm
Spindled tree use:
- in landscape design, as a soil-protective plant;
- herbalists, phytotherapists;
- quality wood is needed for the manufacture of organ pipes; for carving, engraving;
- fatty oil - the basis for the production of high quality natural soap;
- the bark accumulates a high percentage of rubber-like gutta-percha;
- seed coat, decoction of boxes used for making paint;
- loose coal made from wood is used in pencils for shaking;
- cake is sent to cattle feed.
Important! Bruslina does not harm the neighboring trees and shrubs. One nuance - carmine red fruits are poisonous.
Diseases and pests
Euonymus entices garden pests. Gardeners often use cowlily as a trap for harmful insects.
On the spindle tree often settle:
- apple moth;
- hawthorn;
- aphid;
- caterpillars;
- spider mite;
- mealybug.
Major Diseases
- trunk rot - A dangerous fungal disease that is difficult to treat. For prevention in the spring, treat the plant with Bordeaux mixture of 1%. In case of severe damage to the tissues of the cows, burn the plant without hesitation, otherwise the fungus will spread to healthy shrubs and trees;
- powdery mildew - Another disease that affects the spindle tree. For the fight requires fungicides: Topaz, Previkur, Fundazol. The frequency of treatment - every other day to eliminate the disease.
Now you know the features of the care and cultivation of European Euonymus - the original plant with high decorative properties. Add bright colors to your garden, create a festive mood on an autumn day!
