A large part of all known pear crops fall on plants with summer ripening periods.
One of these is pear Orel summer - A description of the variety, photos of fruits and reviews further in the article.
Usually, this pear, with due attention to it, is different. regular impressive yields.
At the same time the variety is famous high commercial quality and excellent taste.
And all this settled down well in the conditions of central Russia, not the most "hospitable" for heat-loving plants.
What kind is it?
Pear Orel summer is a classic triploid a variety with early summer maturity.
Triploidy suggests that this culture is genetically a plant organism with a triple chromosome set.
This quality is very valuable for the cultivation of fruit trees, since triploid cultures, as a rule, are characterized by increased yield, increased fruit size and good resistance to fungal diseases.
According to many scientists, triploid for industrial breeding of pear species is the best option.
Oryol summer ripens - depending on the place where it is grown - in the second or in the third decade of July (in its homeland - the Oryol region - this species usually gives removable ripeness at the end of July).
As a typical summer crop, this pear has rather short shelf life. The period from the moment of removal of the fruit from the branches to the time of its use in writing fresh, during which the pear does not change its technical and taste properties and does not deteriorate, is no more than 7-10 days.
The low degree of keeping quality of the fruits of the "Orel Summer" by many experts assesses its essential shortcoming. However, among the early summer varieties of pears distributed today in central Russia, pear variety Oryol summer is considered most large-fruitedwhich certainly makes it very popular with gardeners.
Also to the summer varieties of pears include: Severyanka, Duchess, Tonkovetka, Lel and Moscow Early.
Breeding history and breeding region
Year of birth variety "Orel summer" was the year 1977, and the birthplace is the oldest domestic horticultural scientific institution, All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Selection (VNIISPK), which is located in the Oryol region.
A whole group of scientists led by one of the pioneers in the field of fruit and berry breeding, a doctor of agricultural sciences, worked on creating a promising novelty. Yevgeny Sedov.
In order to obtain a new variety, suitable for the very difficult climatic conditions of central Russia, according to several parameters, the researchers crossed two pear species: "Bergamot Novik" and "Favorite Klapp".
As a result, a pear was created, in which pedigree there are only European pear varieties.
Soon, "Orel summer" was entered in the state register of varietal across the Central Black Earth region.
At first, it was widely spread mainly in relatively small country gardens and in private plots.
Recently, however, its popularity has been growing rapidly among gardeners, farmers who have seen the benefits in growing this variety on an industrial scale.
In these regions, Gera, In memory of Yakovlev, Bere Russkaya, Lada and Rossoshanskaya Dessert, are doing well.
Description variety Orel summer
Pear Orlovskaya summer varieties characterized by the following specific features and structure, then the description of the external characteristics and photos:
Tree
As a rule, this plant is significantly inabove average height. The bark on its trunk is smooth to the touch, has a gray or gray-greenish tint.
Crown, branches. A tall tree has enough wide crown in the form of an almost regular pyramid.
The top is formed of a medium degree of twisted branches, which are located quite rarely (the average thickening of the crown).
An acute angle (about 45 °) usually forms between the branches directed upwards at their ends. The branches are covered with smooth gray bark.
Shoots. Thickened shoots of a straight configuration have a rounded section. Pubescence on shoots absent.
The color of these formations is brown or light brown. Large, smooth, brown buds on the shoots are in the pressed position. Fruiting pear occurs on kolchatkah - both simple and complex.
Leaves. Differ mainly rather large size and rounded (oval) silhouette. Leaf tops shortened and pointed.
The standard sheet of the "Orel Summer" has a smooth, with a distinct gloss, a surface of green or dark green color, as well as a slight nerve (the appearance of veins on the leaf surface).
Attention is directed to the concavity of the plate. The edges of the leaves are smooth, with small cloves visible at the edges. Leaves are kept on medium thin stalks.
Inflorescences The flowers bloom from large buds with a characteristic pointed cone. Flowers are obtained, as a rule, large, with white petals of rounded shape, slightly overlapping each other.
Fruit
Ripe pears of this variety are traditionally big size.
Their average weight is about 210 g, but the fruits of an even greater mass are periodically recorded (known maximum weight of pears "Orel summer" - 270 g).
Of the early summer varieties cultivated in the farms of central Russia, this is the largest pear fruit.
Other external advantages of fruits are added to the record weight - their “classical” pear-shaped form and one-dimensionality.
The base color of a pear in the stage of removable ripeness is green, by the time of consumer maturity it acquires greenish yellow shade. At the same time, on a certain segment of the fruit, a characteristic orange-colored blush often appears, which is formed by numerous merging dots.
In addition to a pleasant color, matte the skin is characterized by palpable smoothness, dryness and sufficient strength. On the skin there are a few small subcutaneous points. The flesh is mostly white, a faint greenish tint is visible only near the skin.
The flesh is peculiar enough dense, with a fine grain and oily bloom, consistency, as well as increased juiciness. Inside the pulp are large, brown-colored seeds. The external attractiveness of experts is estimated at 4.6 points (on a 5-point scale).
A photo
Specifications
Dignity "Orlovskaya summer" is not limited to attractive external parameters.
For the specified fruit culture characteristic good frost resistance and high yield (Of course, with a clear and timely implementation of all agrotechnical rules for growing this plant).
Perhaps the only significant disadvantage of this skoroplodnoy variety is that its fruits must be consumed in a relatively short period after removal from the tree.
The basic level of winter hardiness has been established based on the results of pear wintering on the territory of the Oryol Region
Planted in other, different from Orlovschiny, climatic zones, trees "Orel summer" in the onset of cold weather may behave differently.
Tree tolerates a significant drop in temperature and windy weatherwhich are traditional for winters in central Russia.
At the same time, the frozen parts of the tree, according to observations, quickly restore their original qualities.
High yield of the variety is expressed in seasonal fruit harvest at an average of 180-210 centners. fresh produce from one hectare of garden. At the height of the taste and properties of ripe fruit - sweet and very fragrant.
Experts estimate their tasting appeal as high as external indicators - 4.6 points on a corresponding five-point scale.
High-yielding pear varieties also include: January, Chudesnitsa, Samara Beauty, Talgar Beauty and Tyoma.
The chemical composition of properly grown, processed and aged fruit is as follows:
| Composition | amount |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 8,3% |
| Titrated acids | 0,16% |
| Dry matter | 10,2% |
| Vitamin C | 5.6 mg / 100 g |
| P-active substances | 36.4 mg / 100 g |
Fruits of the "Orel Summer" variety are very useful as a raw material for the preparation of various medicinal products both in traditional medicine and in the "official" pharmacology.
Especially they are well manifested in the treatment of various bronchitis and acute respiratory infections.
These pears have a universal purpose.
This means that they are widely consumed both fresh and in the form of raw materials for the preparation of various compotes, jams, jams, marmalades, honey and alcohol tinctures.
Planting and care
Under the planting of a seedling of this variety, they choose a place in the garden, which is well and durablely illuminated by the sun, not subject to strong cool drafts and winds, and is also at a decent distance from the groundwater formation (no closer than 2 m).
Despite the fact that the "Orel summer" in general not very demanding on soil qualityHowever, it is better if the soil in the place of its planting is fertile (enriched) and domesticated.
For seedling dig a hole, the depth of which should be equal to 1 m, and a diameter of 70 cm. In a hole poured 2 buckets of water and leave it for a week and a half for sludge.
Immediately before planting, either humus, or ammonium nitrate (80 g), or potassium sulphate (150 g), or wood ash (800 g) are put into the well.
A sapling at planting is set so that its roots can be freely stretched in the hole.
The root system is filled with soil, extracted by digging the same hole, mixed with fertilizer and river sand.
After the roots are filled with soil mixture, root neck should protrude 6-7 cm above the ground.
Surrounding the trunk of the planted tree 2-3 cm earthen shaft with a radius of 40 cmform the funnel of the trunk circle. Her right away Pour 2-3 buckets of separated water.
Subsequently, the tree is regularly watered, loosened the soil around the trunk and under the crown, periodically fertilize the soil, cut off dried and overgrown branches, provide protection from pests.
Diseases and pests
"Orel summer" very resistant to //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html and other diseasessuch as rust or bacterial burn.
As for the protection of plants from rodents, which can damage the bark in the winter, for this The trunk and lower branches should be wrapped with a special metallic mesh or coarse rags.
If the gardener takes a responsible approach to all stages of planting and caring for a plant, after a while the pear will “thank” its owner with excellent tasty fruits.
