Many gardeners grow apple trees as fruit and ornamental trees in their backyards.
Breeding methods of breeding a huge number of different varieties.
The apple tree is one of the most popular varieties in the central regions of Russia. Pear is early.
The description of the Grushivka variety is early, and what the apple tree and apples look like in the photo, you will find all this in the article.
What kind is it?
This type of apples refers to the summer, and it ripens until August 15.
In contrast from the progenitor of this variety Grushovka Moscowwhose fruits ripen two weeks later. Therefore, the grade and got the name "early".
Pollination
For the formation of fruits of this variety need cross-pollination.
Therefore, in the vicinity of it, it is necessary to select a variety that begins to bear fruit at the same time.
It should be planted at a distance not exceeding 50 meters.
In this regard, a tree planting plan must be worked out in advance.
For Pearsovka early as a neighbor, you can use: Papirovka, Bely filling, Chinese early gold, Borovinka and Cinnamon striped.
Variety description Grushivka Early
Consider separately the appearance of the apple and fruit.
In appearance it is very similar to Grushovka Moskovskaya, from which it was obtained. The differences include more compact tree size, beautiful crownthat makes it applicable for decorative landings.
Fruit very beautiful, to size approximately 20 percent larger than the Grushovka Moscow. Their average weight 80 grams.
They have a rounded shape, smooth to the touch or slightly rough. The color is whitish cream with pink and red striped patches.
Possess juicy sweet-sour taste, rich aroma, fruits contain a significant amount of apples for vitamin C. Apples Grushivka early have a caloric content of 47 kcal.
Breeding history
Grushivka early was obtained from the variety Grushovka of Moscow, beloved by many gardeners.
As a result of selection, namely pollination with a Papillon, two significant drawbacks were eliminated: small size of fruits and their very weak resistance to scab.
The name goes to the people Pear improved.
The creator of the variety is Sergey Isaev. He worked as the head of the department of the All-Union Research Institute of Michurin in the 30s of the XX century.
For a grade the characteristic is kept frost resistance and ringed type of fruit formation. Trees can bear fruit even after very harsh winters.
True, gardeners get crops from such trees once every 2 years. In this case, the periodicity of yield formation is explained by the small formation of fruit twigs in apple tree branches.
A photo
Distribution region
This variety is widely distributed. in the Moscow region.
It belongs to the best varieties of this region, and it was also zoned for the central regions of Russia, namely Ryazan, Tula, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Bryansk, Kaluga and Smolensk. The apple tree variety Pear is undergoing rapid adaptation and has a high survival rate.
For planting in this region, the following varieties will be suitable: Dessert Petrova, Augusta, Antonovka dessert, Kuibyshev, Lobo, Moscow Jubilee, Freshness, North Sinap, July Chernenko, Zvezdochka, Elena, Imrus, Zhigulevskoe, Quinti, Young Naturalist, Cliff.
Yield
Pear apple variety different high yield. Average from one tree receive from 100 to 200 kg. Begin to bear fruit 4-5 years after landing.
A characteristic feature is not the simultaneous ripening of fruits. Apples Pear ripen gradually over the course of a month which makes it very attractive for private gardeners, but uncomfortable for industrial gardens.
Mature fruits appear already since the beginning of August.
The downside of this variety is periodic fruiting - 1 time in 2 years.
Good yields are different varieties: Augustus, Gala, Antonovka dessert, Winter pear, Wonderful, Welsey, Sunny, Stroyevskoe, Sokolovskoe, Antey, Malinovka, Apple Spas, Korey, Uslada, Uralets.
Planting and care
To get good yields of apples, you need to choose the right place for planting a seedling. It is necessary to find a place with sufficient light, the sweetness of future fruits and the volume of the harvest depend on its level.
Also need to pay attention on the level of soil moisture. Apple trees Do not tolerate water stagnation.
If private flooding occurs, the seedling may die or develop very slowly. Apple trees should be planted on the hill or do drainage.
There are certain requirements for the soil, it must be loamy sandy loamor it can be leached chernozem soil.
The pH value of the soil is slightly acid from 5.5 to 6.0.
Apple planting is recommended or in the spring (from the end of April to May) or early fall (from September to early October).
If your seedlings have bare roots, then the first stage you need to cut the leaves, leaving only a couple of leaves on each branch. The roots should not be cut, the more of them, the tree will soon take root.
Apple trees growing in the Moscow region, in most cases, are self-fruitless. It depends on the sort of apple, and to be more precise, from the different time of maturation of the pistil and stamens.
In early spring for feeding apple trees organic fertilizers are applied to the soil (rotted horse manure or humus). Take it with a proportion of 4-16 kg / m2. For mineral supplements use carbamide (400-600 grams).
ATTENTION: You can use complex fertilizers during this period, but only those whose composition does not include nitrogen. They are introduced into the soil later, in early summer, when there is an intensive development of green mass and the formation of fruits. Since nitrogen fertilizers increase yields.
If the soil itself is rich, then you can not feed it, if, on the contrary, it contains a scant amount of nutrients, then it is fertilized annually.
The composition of fertilizers also needs to be varied depending on the soil; if there are enough elements in it, then it is not worthwhile to add them too much.
That the tree develops more intensively after the first flowering, tear off 85-95% of flowers. And break off 50% of the fruit is still in the green stage.
So you can further normalize your harvest. The remaining apples will grow larger and sweeter.
NOTE: Sometimes in this way it is possible to avoid the frequency of fruiting, because Apple trees lay a lot of fruit buds in one year, which leads to an overload of fruits, and the next year they rest. When removing extra buds, congestion does not occur, and gardeners can hope for next year's harvest.
Watering is done weekly. 2-3 buckets of water per tree. It is important to regularly water the plants during the fruiting period. For Pearsovka early he comes late July to early August.
At this time, the trees form and flower almost for the next harvest.
In August, watering is stopped so that the trees stop growing and prepare for winter.
The only exception is in the case of a very dry summer, then watering continues, so that the apple trees accumulate moisture.
To prepare for the wintering trees closed with special nets from rodents and wrapped with a covering cloth.
Beautiful and affordable option - nylon pantyhose, they allow water and air.
You can also make horse humus for the winterthat will increase the winter hardiness of trees.
Watch the video about autumn pruning of apple trees and care for it.
Diseases and pests
Unlike the Grushovka variety, the Moscow variety Grushovka early has high resistance to scab. But there are other diseases that can harm her.
Mosaic disease. Its symptoms: yellowish spots on the leaves, which eventually grow larger. The leaves of the apple tree become more fragile and fall off, there comes an early fall of the leaves. The disease is caused by a virus and is difficult to treat, spreading its mites and aphids. Therefore, as a preventive measure, spraying is carried out against these pests.
Trees with a developed mosaic disease, unfortunately, need to be dug and burned to avoid further spread.
Mealy dew. The disease is caused by a fungal pathogen. It can be detected with the appearance of whitish plaque on the leaves. Over time, the bloom acquires a brown color and becomes something like felt. Leaves curl up and fall off.
To combat it, use drugs with a sulfur content. The first treatment is carried out before flowering (2% solution of colloidal sulfur), the second - after flowering (1% solution of colloidal sulfur), the third - after harvesting. In stores for gardeners, you can buy specialized drugs to combat mildew, for example, the well-known "Topaz".
Ulcerative cancer. There are open, closed and articular form of the disease.
On the trunk of the tree are formed thickenings and ulcers, which grow in size, the bark can rupture, and the tissues of the tree turn outwards (open form).
It is caused by spores of a pathogen of fungal origin. To combat it, cut the affected branches and burn them away from the site, the sections are treated with Bordeaux mortar or pitch.
Cytosporosis - A dangerous disease caused by fungi affects the bark of trees. Red-brown hillocks are formed on it, the bark dies off and disappears along with the branches. For treatment, the treatment of damaged areas with garden pitch or ocher with linseed is used.
Fruit rot. It affects the fruits of apple trees, causes its fungal pathogen. It is associated with the spread of high temperature and humidity. Apples become loose, soft, with a brownish stain. Fruits or fall to the ground, or remain on the branches, infecting the neighboring. To combat rot it is necessary to carefully remove infected fruit and destroy them. Since the emergence of this disease is promoted by moths, caterpillars and other insect pests, spraying with a solution of Fitosporin is carried out as a preventive measure. At the first signs of illness, treatment with Zircon is carried out.
Pest control.
The insects that harm apple trees include: mites, aphids, moths, weevils, plozhozhorok, bark beetles, leafworm, sawflies, etc.
Aphid affects the leaves of the plant. To combat it, spraying with a solution of nitrophene, karbofos or decoction of tobacco is used.
Apple Ticks winter in the bark of the tree, and in spring and summer, affect the deciduous part of the apple trees. Therefore, you need to regularly clean the old bark and burn it.
Leaves are also treated with karbofos solution.
Caterpillars apple moths also spend the winter in the bark. During flowering leaves go and eat. Therefore, even before flowering, spray the solution of "Zolona" or chlorophos (concentration of 0.07%). In the same way you can overcome the leafworm and tsvetoeda.
Codling moth affects the fruit, eating the seed part. For prophylaxis, the bark is disinfected, in the slits of which caterpillars live, sprinkling chlorophos or karbofos solutions.
Many insect pests and their larvae hibernate in fallen leaves, so in the autumn it is necessary to rake them very carefully, burn them away from the garden, and spray the soil with a solution of nitrophene. Carrying out these jobs will help keep your trees healthy and provide yields.
In conclusion, we note the advantages and disadvantages of the cultivator Grushivka early. The undoubted advantages include the taste and the number of fruits and their early maturation, as well as resistance to scab. The disadvantages - the frequency of fruiting and lack of self-fertility.
