Among fruit plants temperate latitudes Apple tree in area and crop takes first place.
In every backyard garden about 80% of landings - this is an apple tree.
The benefits of apples have long been known. New hybrid varieties are constantly displayed.
One of these varieties is Winter pear- description and photo later in the article.
What kind is it?
Pear winter is accepted for use for Moscow, Tambov, Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions.
Variety is winter, the safety of the fruit is good.
Excellent preserved until the end of spring.
Winter varieties also include Renet Simirenko, Utes, Fuji, Moscow Jubilee and Lobo.
Description varieties Grushovka Winter
Consider separately the description of the appearance of the tree and the fruit itself.
The tree is low with thick spherical crown and large leaves.
Does not differ frost resistance. Fruit starts in 4-5 years after landing. Productivity is good.
The fruits are quite large, slightly elongated, pale cream color with carmine strokes.
The taste is sweet and sour, juicy apples.
Good yields and great taste are also demonstrated by the Bryansk, Marina, Altai Rumyana, Nastya and Orlinka varieties.
Breeding history
This variety bred in 1957 famous breeder S.F. Chernenko.
Grade obtained by crossing Kronselsky transparent and Pears of Moscow.
Widespread variety is not received because low winter hardiness and disease propensity.
But, thanks to the good yield and quality, also has the right to exist in the garden plots.
The hand of the same breeder belongs to Rennet Chernenko, July Chernenko, Kandil Orlovsky, Anis Aly and Altai Bagryanaya.
Natural growth region
Winter Pear - variety bred for central Russia.
Due to frost instability, it can be grown in more southern areas.
Also distributed in Belarus and Ukraine.
Yield
Differs in high productivity, about 90-100 kg. from a tree. Harvest at the end September - October.
After 2-3 months of storage, taste is improved. Fruits in a year.
Winter Grushovka grows well next to its pollinators: Anis Striped, Antonovka, Papirovka, Autumn Striped, Cinnamon Striped.
Cross-pollinated only apple with the same type of flowers. Therefore, these apples better planted next.
Planting and care
When choosing a site for planting, it is necessary to take into account the relief, the composition of the soil, the depth of the groundwater, etc.
If the number grows well pears, oaks, rowan, maples and lindensthen it will be good to grow an apple tree.
You can not choose to plant closed trenches.
This can lead to the death of the apple from flooding and freezing.
It is better to choose for landing not flat terrain, but gentle slopes.
The most favorable soils for apple trees are sod, sod-podzolic, sod low- and medium-podzolic, light loamy and sandy loam.
Do not place gardens on sandy soils.
It is best to plant seedlings in spring but in autumnabout a month before the onset of this frost. But in the spring it is not necessary to delay the landing.
To carry out spring planting on time, all the preparatory work must be carried out in the fall. Pits under seedlings should be with steep slopes, 80-100 cm wide and 50-70 cm deep.
Fertilizers are laid in the pit 3-4 days before landing. In one prepared pit make about 30 kg. humus Make fresh manure should not be. A hole is made in the dug pit so that the roots of the tree can be placed in it.
Landing is better to carry out with garter stakes seedlings. This will give them stability at the beginning of growth and development.
The count is driven in before planting, then the apple tree itself is planted. A stake is placed on the north side of the trunk, to protect the seedling from frost and sun.
Landing should be in-depth, with earthen rollers along the borders of the pit. Immediately after landing in the recess pour 20-30 l. water. After soaking up the water mulch compost and humus. In dry weather, water 2-3 times in 12-15 days.
In the first year after planting, optimum soil moisture is necessary. and keeping it clean of weeds and periodically loosened.
Fertilizers are not applied during this period.
With the onset of frost, tree trunks wrapped spruce to protect against rodents.
First pruning do to align the branches and the formation of the main trunk.
To do this, cut the side branches: the top - 1/3 of the length, the bottom does not touch.
Grushovka's main trunk is cut 30-35 cm higher than the side branches. Trimming is carried out in the spring.
In the second year, in spring, spruce is removed, the soil is dug up and fertilized with humus at a distance of 30 cm from the trunk.
In the spring they add more nitrogen fertilizers, in the fall - phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
Top dressing is carried out before and after flowering. In the autumn they dig up the aisles.
Tree trunks up to 5 years chalked, then lime. Do not forget about tying trunks for the winter.
In subsequent years conduct dressing potassium and phosphorus every 3-4 years, and nitrogen fertilizers - annually. Non-root spraying increases yield and resistance to disease. As required make pruning.
Watch a video on how to protect seedlings from rodents.
Diseases and pests
Apple pests include:
- Brown fruit tick, red apple tick. Leaves are amazing. To combat ticks, spray a tree with chamomile or tobacco infusion in the spring. A little later, you can apply 10% karbofos, after flowering - to process colloidal sulfur. Damaged branches are cut and burned.
- Apple leaf cover. When dealing with larvae, spraying of the ash and soapy water is carried out. An adult is fumigated with tobacco smoke.
- Green apple aphid, red apple peach. You can fight it by spraying karbofos, soapy water, or infusions of tobacco, garlic, pine needles. Barrel cleaned and lime.
- Apple treeworm shchitovka, ringed silkworm, winter moth, leafworm, apple moth, apple moth, apple sawfly, fruit sapwood. Control measures are about the same: spraying, pruning, tilling the soil near the trunk and creating special trapping belts, whitewashing.
Winter pear, though to a lesser extent than Moscow, but also prone to scab and powdery mildew. May also be affected common cancer and fruit rot.
Control measures. Spraying Bordeaux mixture, whitewashing trunks with the addition of copper sulfate, timely application of mineral fertilizers, pruning and burning affected branches.
The main thing in growing an apple tree is proper care (planting, watering, feeding and fighting diseases). The apple tree is not a difficult culture to grow and is suitable for beginner gardeners.
