A variety of columnar trees belong to the dwarf fruit varieties. These trees grow quite small, and they are much lower in height than ordinary garden trees. This variety of plants received such an interesting name, "columnar", due to the unusual appearance, which is very similar to the column.
Among the columnar can be found trees of apple, pear, peach, plum and many other fruit plants. The fruits of these wonderful trees are distinguished by extraordinary aroma and have a wonderful taste, and are also able to preserve all these properties for a long time.
There are several varieties of columnar pears. Note the most popular and widely used varieties of these wonderful plants.
Due to its attractive appearance, this type of tree is very widely used during the creation of landscape design and clearance of small areas.
Let us dwell in more detail on one of the dwarf varieties of fruit tree - the columnar pear.
After all, for any gardener when planting a real, even the smallest orchard, planting pear seedlings is a priority.
A colony-shaped pear tree is a relatively young and relatively recently selected variety of fruit trees.
Kolonovidnaya pear is very popular.
This tree has an unusual crown shape and is distinguished by a special structure, in which small branches are pressed to the trunk.
Having tasted the fruits of the columnar pear, you will never forget their sweet honey taste, and for their juiciness and aroma, no fruit can match them.
This culture is completely haunting to the ground and characterized by high resistance to frost.
Colonid pear varieties
To date, existing varieties of columnar pears differ among themselves, both in terms of fruit ripening, and certain taste and size. Everything trees start to bear fruit very quickly, and already one year after planting, can give a good harvest.
Depending on a particular variety, large fruits of columnar pears can delight with their excellent taste in summer, in autumn, and in winter. With good and proper care, even a novice gardener, already in the first year of harvest, can get about 3 or even 8 kg of fruit from one tree.
Let us turn to the description of the fruit
There are autumn, summer and winter varieties of columnar pears. Each variety has a specific fruiting period. Therefore, by planting in your garden various species of this fruit tree, it will be possible to enjoy the sweet fruits of pears, beginning in summer and ending in winter.
The summer varieties of the columnar pear include the Carmen variety, the late summer variety of Decor, the summer-autumn variety G-5.
Summer varieties of these fruit trees are different in that they bear fruit in the summer. Consider each of the varieties in more detail.
Sort Carmen different pear-colored burgundy fruits that ripen in summer. The special value of this variety is a rich burgundy color of the peel, which gives the fruit an unusual appeal.
Each the fruit grows weighing about 250-300g and has a very sweet flesh. This variety is suitable for the formation of large industrial gardens with a plantation density of 1.5-2 thousand trees per hectare.
Late summer varieties also include Decor grade. The fruits of this variety become mature at the end of August. The decor gives the first harvest already on the 2-3rd year after planting. It has large fruits of short pear-shaped or oval shape, straw-yellow, very beautiful color.
Fruits of this variety reach up to 230-260g and differ juicy sourish pulp, which has a light pleasant aroma of roses. This variety has a significant resistance to disease and winter cold.
Grade pears G-5 It has a summer-autumn ripening period. The fruits of this variety are characteristic pear-shaped, having a yellowish color. Fruits are strong and rusty. Each fruit reaches up to 150-250g of mass and has a very sweet, tasty pulp. G-5 quite easily tolerates the disease, and has a good winter hardiness.
TO autumn varieties Coloniform pears include varieties: Sapphire, G-4, G-2, G-3.
All autumn varieties bear fruit in different periods of autumn. Let us examine each of them in more detail.
Saphira variety has an autumn ripening period. The fruits of this variety become mature in early September. This type of pear gives its fruit already for the 3-4th year after the transplantation process. It has elongated pear-shaped fruits of greenish-yellow color with small rust spots and reddish.
Pears grow large, weighing up to 200g. Sapphire is quite patient with scab and is moderately resistant to frost.
Grade G-2 ripens late in the fall. It has moderately nodular fruits of a characteristic pear-shaped form. All fruits are greenish in color with small rust spots on them. They have a very tender sweet pulp, which has a delicate pleasant aroma.
Fruits of variety G-2 gaining a maximum weight of up to 200g of weight. This variety of pears is quite resistant to diseases and winter frosts.
Grade G-3 is an early autumn view of the columnar pear. Fruits of this variety have a broad pear-shaped, slightly uneven, shape. Differ in a bright yellow color and an interesting oily skin. Each fruit grows weighing up to 200-400g of mass and has pulp with excellent taste. G-3 is characterized by resistance to diseases and winter frosts.
Autumn varieties also include cultivar pear type G-4. This variety is already fruiting for 2-3 years after planting. The fruits of this variety ripen in the first half of September, and have an unusual yellow color with a slight reddish blush on the sides.
Ripe fruit reaches up to 230-280g weight. The flesh is oily and tender, has excellent taste. Grade G-4 is very resistant to cold and withstands temperatures down to -25 degrees. It also has a high resistance to various diseases.
Among the varieties of the columnar pear there is also one winter variety G-1. Fruits of this variety ripen in early winter and have a pear-shaped, slightly uneven form of yellow color. Fruits reach up to 250g of weight and have incredibly juicy, tender and sweet flesh. Trees of this variety are very resistant to winter cold and various diseases.
Little about strengths and weaknesses
The main advantage of the columnar pear is that it is small the plant is very compact and takes up very little space on the site. Due to its small crown and small branches, these trees provide an opportunity for a gardener to make a compacted planting and, accordingly, to collect a good harvest volume from 2-3 years after transplantation.
The great advantage of the columnar pear is also that all trees take root very well and begin to bear fruit fairly quickly, giving a good harvest, and the small growth of trees allows you to conveniently and quickly collect the fruit and facilitates the care of the plant.
The advantages of this variety of fruit trees can also be attributed to the presence of large fruits with good taste. All varieties of the columnar pear are winter-hardy and sufficiently resistant to various kinds of diseases. And also they are distinguished by a special survival rate and absolute unpretentiousness to the soil of disembarkation.
The advantages of this variety of plants is still high yield, as well as the universal use of the fruits of columnar pears. The fruits of this tree are often cooked raw, and used for all kinds of compotes, jams, jams, jams, juices, as well as refined desserts.
There are practically no flaws in this type of plant, but still it is worth noting their not very long period of life and, accordingly, short period of fruitingabout 10-15 years. This type of trees also requires constant care, which implies the correct formation of the crown and regular pruning of the side branches.
The disadvantages also include a limited number of varieties of this type of tree.
Now let's talk about landing
Colony trees are a special type of tree, so they require special planting and maintenance conditions.
On small plots such small trees are an extraordinary find.
Coloniform pears are referred to as plant species of intensive plantings..
For the garden it is necessary to choose annual trees, because they take root better. Older seedlings of pear-shaped pearls very often suffer various diseases after transplantation.
When planting trees it is very important to remember that rhizome and soil should not be dry, and after transplanting seedlings require regular watering.
When planting pears, the seedlings are planted with an interval of 40-50 cm between them, the width between the rows is laid at a distance of about 1.25 m. The soil for planting seedlings is prepared in advance, enriching it with organic fertilizers. The amount of such fertilizers should be about 3-4 kg per hole. It is also necessary to properly prepare the landing pit.
The pit is made small, so that the grafting site of the tree is above the ground, and the rhizome is placed inside the pit, so the dimensions of the pit can be unlimited. Further, in the landing pit, without fail, lay potash fertilizers or superphosphates, which are mixed with the ground. Then they plant the plant and water it abundantly.
It is necessary to know that organically fertilizing the earth, fertilizers are separated from the roots of the seedling and sprinkled with a layer of earth. Do not forget that the soil of the landing pit necessarily crouches. Because the rhizome of the columnar pear is very weak, mineral fertilizers are not recommended at the time of planting, which can lead to the death of the tree or its improper development.
Proper care of the columnar pear
Kolonovidnye trees do not require special care, but still there are some features. The desired yield of the columnar pear will bring only under the condition of optimal conditions.
Caring for seedlings of columnar trees requires considerable waste, but after a year, three of these costs must be returned. Colony-shaped fruit trees are very durable. tree structure that allows you to withstand 12 kg of fruit and more.
For small plots of plowed trees an excellent solution. Having planted a columnar pear in your plot, you will enjoy its fruits for about 12-15 years. Very important points in the care of the columnar pear are their correct pruning, regular feeding and preparation of trees for winter. Let us dwell on each type of care in more detail.
How to trim a pear
A feature of the care of colony trees is their proper pruning. From trimming the tree depends on the formation of the correct form of the crown and the growth of the plant itself.
A special feature of pruning is the fact that the more we cut, the more and more grows what is left after pruning. Still, during pruning, it is worth considering that withthe branch that is closer to the vertical growsthan the underlying declined branches. Therefore, the main conductor is never trimmed.
With proper care, the crown of the tree grows annually by 10-15 cm, while another 2-3 side branches grow. If the conductor grows poorly, it must be strongly cut to 2-3 buds.
While caring for the colloid, it is also important to know that in the first year of planting all the flowers better pull out. This will allow the tree to gain strength and well rooted.
In the second year of planting, if it is clear that the tree has taken root and develops normally, you can leave 5-6 fruits. After that, each year the number of fruits on the tree is gradually increased.
For each tree, the harvest load is very individual, and every year you should definitely pay attention to the size and number of fruits. If pears are drastically reduced in size compared to last year, then the tree is overloaded with harvest, and the gardener should ration the harvest next year.
It is also interesting to read about varieties of pears for the middle band
Let's go to fertilizer
For good and stable growth all trees need proper and regular feeding. Particularly in need of feeding are columnar trees, it is very important to do this in a timely manner. Top dressing of colony pears, as a rule, is made in spring and summer. Young seedlings are very well fed with slurry or chicken droppings.
Saltpeter and urea can also be used for top dressing.
For good growth, trees are fed with urea. This feeding is carried out three times. The first time feeding is done in the spring, after the first leaflets have blossomed, the second is carried out 2 weeks after the first, and the third - 2 weeks after the second.
It is also necessary to remember that inter-row soil should be kept under black steam and if the row spacing is more than two meters, they require regular and abundant watering.
Preparing for the winter - an important stage
Despite the fact that the columnar pears are very resistant to frost, they still require some preparation for the winter. Especially, such preparation for cold weather requires recently planted young trees of columnar pears.
In creating the protection of trees from the cold, all available materials are suitable for use. Having made the protection of the tree, it is necessary to ensure that a mouse or another animal does not fall into the shelter. Protection must be dry. In defense, you can put sawdust, pine spruce branches or nostoti straw.
A good tool for protection against frost can serve as ordinary snow, which is necessary to spud the plant.
In winter, the trees are also worth protect from mice and hares. To do this, use the usual branches of needles. They are spread around a tree trunk. This will be a reliable protection from four-legged rodents.
If all the listed conditions are observed, during the cultivation of columnar pears, these trees will long delight with an abundance of sweet and tasty fruits.
