FEATURES OF PLANTING AND GROWING GRAPES IN SIBERIA FOR BEGINNERS

We all love to eat delicious, sweet grapes. Usually, it is grown in the country, in favorable, warm climatic conditions. We will tell you how to plant grapes in Siberia in the spring, how to care for them.

Siberia and grapes

Everybody knows that grapes belong to the heat-loving and moisture-loving plants, it is adversely affected by daily temperature changes. Of course, many varieties intended for cultivation in the southern regions will not be able to survive the harsh climatic realities of Siberia, will develop poorly, often get sick.

Important! If planting is made in black soil, you should not apply fertilizer to the planting pit, since their overabundance can lead to burning through the root system of the plant.

But the climate of Siberia has its advantages. It allows you to protect the grapes from a large number of diseases and pests. In the region, there is no extremely dangerous for the plant of aphid phylloxera, also in Siberia there is no downy mildew.

Popular varieties for cultivation in the region

Short summer and long winter make it possible to get a harvest only from early varieties, mid-season, necessarily subject to the availability of shelter. For planting, it is better to choose grafted varieties, after which with the help of rootstocks to plant more hardy.

To get a good harvest, it is necessary to plant varieties that are intended for Siberia. Some of them were cultivated on site, some were created as a result of the work of breeders for cultivation in a harsh climate region.

The best grapes for Siberia:

Cheburashka.The variety has small shrubs, is not picky about the soil. It is resistant to poor lighting and dampness. Vinogradinki differ small size, black color. The taste of the berries will improve significantly if you give them a little time on the bushes after ripening.
Siberian cherry. It has small berries with a sweet taste, painted in blue. Have an average height, fruit ripening occurs early. The variety has good winter hardiness.
Solovyov-58. The look is steady against frosts, maintains temperature to -32 ° C. Berries with a sweet taste, large size, green.
Rusven. Treats high-yielding, has heavy clusters. The berries are pink with a pleasant taste reminiscent of sage. Rusven has an average frost resistance - able to withstand up to -25 ° C, has immunity to fungal diseases.

Did you know? For the preparation of one bottle of wine, about 600 berries are processed.

Tukay. Early ripe variety, the berries of which are white in color and thin nutmeg aromat. It is resistant to mold and other diseases, but does not have a high winter hardiness.

Most often planted last variety - it is most adapted to the climate of Siberia. The berries are small, ripening occurs early. The variety is very frost resistant. You can also cultivate southern varieties in Siberia, but you should definitely cover them.

Also suitable for cultivation in Siberia: Muscat, Riddle, Delight, Katyr, Dubinushka, Srostinsky. I will feel fine in the cold Isabella and Lydia. Usually their berries are used to make wine.

Features of growing

Before you start growing grapes in Siberia in the open field, you need to familiarize yourself with some important features of planting.

Lighting

For planting grapes, you must choose a dry place with good light. The more sunshine on it, the better. The ideal place is a small hill.

Soil requirements

Before planting grapes, you need to dig special planting pits, which must be filled with a special filler. First, humus is mixed into the pit, mixed with the soil from the upper layers of the earth, and then sprinkled with mineral fertilizers.

Up to 1 kg of fertilizer is required per hole. All this mass is mixed, after which the filling of the pit is repeated according to this scheme until it is completely filled.

Landing rules

If you want to harvest a large crop, you must adhere to certain planting rules. Consider them.

Selection of seedlings

Growing grapes in Siberia for beginners starts with a fairly important stage - the choice of seedlings.

Important! Pruning should not be carried out in the spring - it is at this time that the active flow of the juice and flowering take place.

The further success of the whole grape growing event depends on the right choice of seedlings. Saplings should be free from stains, damage and signs of drying. An ideal seedling should have 3-4 well developed roots, its escape should be more than 0.5 meters. Be sure to carefully inspect the site of vaccination. Fruiting grafted seedlings occurs a little earlier than that of the rooted own - about the third year.

Timing

Planting grapes must be made in May - early June, until the complete opening of all the kidneys. It has been noticed that certain winter-hardy varieties take root quite well in Siberia and after planting in the fall, but for beginners we still recommend planting grapes in the spring.

Landing pattern

Trying to grow grapes in Siberia, you should stick to certain recommendations regarding the planting pattern:

landing is better to carry out in a row, with the rows should be located from north to south;
the vineyard is better placed near the south wall;
the optimal distance between the rows is at least 1.5 m, when planting bushes from east to west it can be increased to 2 m;
the distance from the grapes to the building should be 1 m - this is necessary for better nourishment of the bush and easier care of it;
it is not recommended to plant grapes near tall trees - they will cast a shadow on it;
it is best to choose for planting a place where the grapes will not have in the neighborhood of other plants.

Given all the recommendations, you can get a healthy and rich harvest.

Caring for grapes in Siberia

So that the bushes do not hurt, and the fruiting is good, it is important to properly care for the plant.

Watering

If during the summer period there is a drought, do not too often seek to water the plant. It is better to do it less often, but more abundantly. It is important to moisten the soil to a depth of at least 80 cm - the grapes have a rather long root system.

Fertilizer

It is very important to provide proper nutrition to the bushes. Every three years, it is necessary to feed the seedlings, and from time to time, add mulch to the tree trunk. To do this, you can use wood ash or chopped straw.

Did you know? Vineyards from around the world occupy an area of about 80 thousand square meters. kilometers More than 70% of the berries are used to prepare various wines.

Every year, with the arrival of spring, it is necessary to add a little ammonium sulphate or sodium nitrate, and in the autumn period to feed the plant with superphosphates and potassium sulphate.

Pruning

The trimming procedure is slightly different during the first three years. Consider how to spend it:

First year. After planting, it is necessary to cut the plant so that the height above the ground surface is 15 cm. It is recommended to leave 2 buds on the shoot. Starting from April to August, pinching of all lateral shoots is carried out by 3 cm. It is necessary to give the opportunity to grow to one of them, while carrying out its vertical formation. Before sending the vine for the winter, it is necessary to prune the shoot at a distance of 0.5 meters from the ground surface and leave 3 buds on it. Two of them should be located on opposite sides of the shoot.
Second year. In the period April-August, it is necessary to form 3 shoots, they need to be given a vertical position. It is necessary to pinch the side shoots immediately by 3 cm. Before the onset of the winter period, a vertical shoot is cut and 3 buds are left on it. The remaining 2 shoots are shortened to 1 meter. Next season they should grow vertical branches with berries. In the spring, two side branches must be straightened in opposite directions with the help of a support.

Important! Not all varieties can be grown in a greenhouse: you should not plant the December, Strasensky and Delight - they can not be taken or will give a small, poor-quality harvest.

Third year. After removing the shelter in spring, the side shoots are tied up to horizontal supports. Of these, then shoots will appear with the fruits. The distance between them should be no more than 20 cm. At the end of the season, the vertical shoot is cut off (3 buds are left), and the two lower ones are shortened to 1 m.

All subsequent seasons pruning is done by analogy of the third year.

Weed removal and soil care

After irrigation, after 2-3 days, it is imperative to loosen the soil - this will destroy the crust and weeds. It is also recommended to plant parsley in the aisle - it will help to scare away aphids from the plant.

To prevent the growth of weeds, you can cover the soil corrugated cardboard. Cleaning the fallen leaves and weeding is optional.

Wintering grapes

In this section we will describe how to cover the grapes for the winter in Siberia. The purpose of this event is not only to protect the bushes from the cold - it is important to protect them from damping, rot, wetting, leading to the appearance of some diseases.

The best period to install shelter is mid-October - early November. We suggest to pay attention to the following tips that will help you to cover plants with high quality:

After pruning, the vine must be removed from the supports, lay along the trench.
Do not cover wet or wet bushes. If it was raining the day before, you need to let the plants dry thoroughly. The best time for this procedure is a windy sunny day. Moisture that has come under shelter will contribute to the development of fungal diseases, which will lead to a decrease in the frost resistance of the plant.
On the vine is to put a specially prepared material. Thick fabric or black film will do. The material must be prikopat from two opposite sides so that the wind does not blow it away.
Above is to put a protective layer. Ideal use of coniferous spruce branches.
When the snow melts, you need to remove the top layer of shelter.
All protection is completely removed in April. However, in its place is to build a greenhouse. After establishing stable weather without frosts (the end of spring), you can remove it, and fix the bushes to the supports.

Did you know? Every year, each person should eat 8-9 kg of grapes, and in fact only 1 kg per person is consumed.

Features of growing in a greenhouse

Growing grapes in a greenhouse in Siberia, You should pay attention to the following important points and recommendations:

Construct the highest possible greenhouse construction - its height can not be less than 3 m, it should be spacious.
In the greenhouse must be present lamps and heating devices.
If you plan to use high-capacity heating systems, it is important to keep the humidity level under control and regularly ventilate the greenhouse.
Particular attention should be paid to top dressing.
So that inside does not appear mildew, it is necessary from time to time to process the solution of potassium permanganate.