Combine harvester "Don-1500" - this is a well-deserved 30 years on the market, excellent quality, which to this day is used to work in the fields. It is rather difficult to choose a technique for working the field. It is important to choose a model with a maximum set of advantages and not lose money. About what technical characteristics and properties of the model Don-1500 A, B, H and P, we will tell in this article.
Description and Purpose
Start of production was dated 1986 in the Soviet Union. Then the model "Don-1500" was incredibly popular. Noting the twentieth anniversary, the Rostselmash manufacturing plant divided the release into two newer models, which are also being released today under the names "Acros" and "Vector".
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Modern models look quite aesthetically pleasing and differ only in some characteristics. The first model is characterized by the presence of a special system for threshing grain, which carefully separates it from the chaff, seed shells, and cobs. It was invented and implemented by the manufacturer itself - the Rostselmash plant.
Did you know? The size of the car is very large: you can put a Tavria car on it, the combine's cabin is also quite spacious.
It is important to note that the model "Acros" Today it is very popular, especially for processing small land areas of up to one thousand hectares.
Did you know? In 1941, within 8 days, the Rostselmash plant was destroyed by German troops, but by the 47th year it was completely restored.
"Vector" It is also distinguished by wider possibilities in the cultivation of fields of the most diverse crops, including corn and sunflower.
Designed combine "Don-1500" for harvesting grain on the field. This includes two types of crops: cereals and spikelets, but modifications allow to collect, including legumes and seed crops. Among the technical characteristics of the combine "Don-1500" is to highlight it. impressive size, the presence of only one drum and movement on wheels. Let us consider in more detail the properties of each modification separately in the following sections.
Modifications
Modifications of the combine harvester "Don" were the result of constant work on the device and the emerging need to adapt it to external conditions, such as the structure of plants and grains, the method of their collection, the area of fields and the presence of surface irregularities. Further, what are the distinctive characteristics of each of the modifications.
For processing small areas, motorblocks are often used: “Neva MB 2”, “Zubr JR-Q12E”, “Centaur 1081D”, “Salyut 100”; Japanese or homemade mini tractor.
Don-1500A
This is the very first version of the assembly of the combine, which is considered the standard. It was he who became the basis or the initial version for further implementation of changes. Briefly consider what the technical characteristics of the original modification "Don-1500A". 
Two large wheels of the car in front - leading, and two rear, smaller in size - control, are made of low-pressure tires with high lugs. Thanks to this, the combine can move in difficult weather conditions without plunging into the dirt.
Powerful engine, SMD-31A, but its location is very inconvenient, since all the warm steam is directed to the driver's cabin. The speed at normal movement - 22 km / h, and when working on the field - up to 10 km / h.
The harvester of the machine is adapted to the ground and is able to "copy" it, which allows mowing the field under one level. Capture of a harvester can vary: from 6 and 7 meters to 8,6. The grain itself falls into a special large bunker, whose volume is 6 cubic meters.
This gives the advantage that the need for frequent combine of the combine to the place of transportation of the crop is lost. It should be noted and how comfortable the driver will feel, because the cabin has soundproofing properties and is equipped with air conditioning.
Did you know? The diameter of the threshing drum of the combine "Don 1500" reaches 0.8 m and is considered the largest among the combines in the world.
The harvester is equipped with another useful element - hopper. With it, you can collect in a separate cart attached to the machine, chaff or straw. The mechanism crushes it and collects it in a basket, after which it can be scattered around the field.The following crops can be harvested with this combine:
- cereals;
- legumes;
- sunflower;
- soy;
- corn;
- grass seeds (small and large).
Finally, the most interesting feature is performance. Don-1500A produces 14,000 kg of grain per hour.
Did you know? The number "1500", which is present in the title, indicates the width of the threshing drum.
Don-1500B
The first changes were implemented in the Don-1500B model, and as a result, this model has the following technical characteristics:
- a new modernized engine YMZ-238 AK was supplied, which is considered to be more powerful, has a different placement of cylinders, unlike the first version with turbocharging: here the cylinders are placed in the shape of V;
- the speed of the drum increased, which made it possible to increase the productivity of the combine, and now it is 16,800 kg per hour;
- fuel consumption decreased by 10-14 liters and now stands at 200;
- the size of the fuel tank impressively increased - up to 15 liters (in the previous version - 9.5 liters).
Did you know? In 1994 "Don 1500B", produced at the Rostselmash plant, completely replaced the previous model of modification A."Don-1500B" manifests itself in work quite reliably, and for the most part because of the engine. This model was made specifically for combine modification B.
In addition, the combine has learned from the inside more detailed updates and improvements, for example, such as increasing the number of cutting knives, reducing the volume of the drum for grinding, changing the design of internal components, optimizing their placement.
It is worth noting that this model equipped with another important part - pick-up. Such a mechanism allows to divide the cut crop, due to which the quality of the harvested grain increases. 
Important! All improvements of modification B on average increased machine performance by 20% compared with model A.
Don-1500N
The reason for the appearance of modification N was the need to use large combines for processing crops in non-black-earth zones.
Don-1500R
This modification is adapted to collect rice. This is the only model that is produced on a semi-tracked course. This setting allows you to safely move a large and heavy car on a fairly wet and weak soil on which rice grows. Besides, Reaper here has a smaller hold, thanks to which the quality of rice assembly improves, but at the same time productivity decreases slightly.
For the effective organization of work on the dacha gardener and gardener requires special equipment: a plow, a cultivator, a lawn mower or a trimmer (gasoline, electric), a potato planter, a chainsaw, a snow blower or a shovel with a screw.
Technical characteristics of the combine
Engine this combine is presented in two options: SMD-31A and YaMZ-238. The speed with which the car can move is up to 22 km / h, and when working on the field - no more than 10 km / h. For an hour the combine can collect up to 14 tons of grain. Threshing drum rotates at speeds from 512 rpm to 954.
Don 1500 has the largest header cutter size - from 6 m to 7 or even 8.6 m, due to which the profitability of using the combine in large areas increases. Grain Bunker has a volume of 6 cubic meters. Threshing drum dimensions: width 1.5 m, length 1.484 m and diameter 0.8 m.
Device Features
Let us consider in more detail each important part of the combine, without which it is impossible to implement the process of assembling crops.
Important! Modify or replace combine harvester parts "Don 1500" quite simple and cheap compared to imported cars. The latter are an order of magnitude different in price and much more expensive, but this investment will return a longer service life and reliability.
Engine
In the first modification "Don-1500A" and the second - B were installed different engines:
- for A - SMD-31A, which produced the Kharkov plant "Hammer and Sickle". He possessed 6 cylinders. Turbocharged diesel engine. It is cooled with water. Power is 165 kW. The working volume is 9.5 liters.
- for B - YMZ-238, produced by Yaroslavl plant. Engine without turbocharging, its 8 cylinders are placed in a V-manner. Power is 178 kW. Displacement is 14.9 liters.
Brakes
The brake system is represented lever and button. In order to remove the machine from the brake, the lever must be pulled up and at the same time, press the button. Put on the brake harvester can, if you pull the lever over and wait for the fourth click.
In addition to the mechanical-parking brake option, Don-1500 also implemented hydraulic type. Management takes place with the help of pedals. The purpose of this type of brakes is to make turns and movement on wet and soft soil, without damaging the soil. There is no need to use these brakes for hard surfaces.
Hydraulics
A complex system has three subsystems:
- Chassis Drive Control;
- Steering;
- Hydraulic system control of working mechanisms that occurs hydraulically or mechanically.
- reaper;
- reel;
- chopper;
- keeper;
- duct cleaning;
- threshing system;
- screw movement.
Running gear
Driven and driving axles are hydraulically controlled. The control of a separate aggregate drive axle makes it possible to smoothly, without obvious transitions, change the speed of the vehicle. This feature works at any speed. there is four modes of operation of the hydraulic motor to move forward, and one - back. Thus, the combine rather maneuverable moves across the field.
Important! It is often necessary to change the oil, it is best to do it after 24 hours of engine operation, as the coolant loses its properties and the device can overheat.
Control
Management takes place using the steering wheel. He, like the seat, is adjusted to a person's height within 11 cm. You can choose a comfortable tilt for the steering wheel: here the limits are from 5 to 30 degrees.
Reaper
Reaper - part of the combine, which is responsible for mowing culture, in this model is available with different widths. It can be 6, 7 or 8.6 meters long. These sizes are larger than other manufacturers offer. The harvester is attached to the threshing machine using a hanging chamber. Front it is equipped with a mechanism that copies the surface of the earth, allowing you to cut always the same height above the ground.
Pros and cons of technology
Combine "Don-1500" has rather large in size. Due to the fact that the threshing drum is quite large, when turning, you can gain an advantage in a large capture zone. But at the same time, it is necessary to have a person who can handle a large-sized machine.
Don also benefits in fuel consumption for mowing and threshing of grain, compared to other models of combines, such as the Yenisei, Niva, John Deere and others. In part, this is achieved by a large capture, as mentioned above. Therefore, the Don-1500 can be considered the most economical combine.
As already noted, the header has a fairly large size, and in order to move it, you need to add support. In the "Don-1500" this role is played by a special shoe. It rests on the ground and allows you to cut at the same height. The disadvantage of this method is quite time-consuming work on the preparation of the field and planning mowing.
If during the planning process mistakes were made or it was done poorly, the header will not be adjacent to the ground, which will lead to the next loss of grain.
If the Don-1500 is used on a field with a large incline, this is fraught with the consequences of grain loss, since the header does not touch the surface of one of the sides and makes the cut very high. In addition, it increases the likelihood that the combine can turn over.
Before you buy or rent such equipment, it is necessary to study in detail all the nuances. Therefore, always consider the size of the field, its slope, the quality of the soil, the weather, the cultivated crop, and match the capabilities of the machine with your requirements.
"Don-1500" modifications A, B, H and P represent the most cost-effective version of the combine, which gives the maximum performance result in comparison with other brands. It will be most effective in the following conditions:
- tilt angle is not more than 8, optimally up to 4 degrees;
- a large area of the field, more than 1000 hectares;
- yield of 20 quintals per 1 hectare of area;
- short harvest time.
